离婚损害赔偿标准的制度分析

　　离婚损害赔偿

　　《婚姻法》第46条确立了我国离婚损害赔偿制度，该项损害赔偿请求权建立的理论基础是侵权行为抑或是契约解除行为，结合《婚姻法》第46条和《最高人民法院关于适用〈婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(一)》第29条，笔者认为应是侵权行为。该损害赔偿责任的构成要件除了具备一般侵权行为的四要件外，还需具备一个比较特殊的程序要件即离婚，也就是侵权行为、损害事实、主观过错、因果关系、离婚。该损害赔偿权利主体应是离婚诉讼中的无过错方，责任主体应是有过错方，无过错方只能向有过错方请求赔偿，而不能向第三者要求。该损害赔偿既可适用于诉讼离婚，也可适用于协议离婚。该项制度的建立无疑是我国婚姻立法上的一大进步，但是通过多年的司法实践，我们也应该清醒的看到：我国的离婚损害赔偿制度在立法上仍然有诸多不足，在实践中也存在着许多问题。实际上，离婚损害赔偿制度的完善已经成为法学理论研究的必需和司法实践的难题。本文结合学界关于离婚损害赔偿制度新的研究，对离婚损害赔偿的不足及完善措施进行分析与探讨，并提出了自己的一些看法和建议。

　　关键词：离婚;离婚损害;精神赔偿;离婚损害赔偿标准

　　Try the compensation for damages system getting divorced in terms of our country

　　ABSTRACT

　　The "marriage law" the 46th has established our country getting divorced compensation for damages system, being compensation for damages's turn to ask right the rationale building is that the delict or the contract relieves behavior , is tied in wedlock "marriage law" some 46th "make an explanation (one) the 29th author thinks that with Supreme People's Court about applying to a " should be a delict. Owe compensation for damages responsibility formation important condition besides except having four important condition of general delict , need having a comparatively peculiar procedure important condition being to get divorced, be just a delict , damage fact , subjective fault , causal relationship , get divorced. This damage compensate subject of object should be divorces in the lawsuit the non- mistake side, the responsibility main body should have the mistake side, the non- mistake side only can to have the mistake side request compensation, but cannot request to the third party. This damage compensate already suitable to lawsuit divorce, also suitable to divorce by agreement. This system is a big progress without doubt which our country marriage legislates, but through several years judicial practice, we also should sober sees: Our country divorce damage compensate system still had many insufficiencies in the legislation, also has very many problems in the practice. Compensation for damages system improving and perfecting in fact, getting divorced already becomes vitally needing and the actual judicial practice difficult problem that science of law theory studies. Union educational circles studies the main body of a book about the compensation for damages system getting divorced is new , carries out a little view and suggestion analysing with having discussed self, and having brought forward on insufficient and perfect compensation for damages measure getting divorced.